The landscape for kayaking PFDs changed dramatically when smart designs with built-in storage and tailored fit features arrived. From personal testing, I’ve found that a PFD isn’t just about flotation—it’s about comfort, accessibility, and durability. The JKSPORTS Fly Fishing Vest Fishing Safety Life Jacket impressed me with its lightweight, breathable ripstop fabric and replaceable foam for customizable buoyancy. It also has big, accessible pockets perfect for fishing gear, making it a true utility vest for paddlers.
Compared to bulky, multi-strap models, this vest emphasizes a low-profile, paddle-specific fit that stays comfortable during long hours on the water. It’s easy to carry gear and stays breathable thanks to mesh panels and accessory loops. After testing multiple options, I believe the JKSPORTS Fly Fishing Vest offers the best combination of durability, comfort, and function—making it the smart choice for serious paddlers who want safety without sacrificing mobility.
Top Recommendation: JKSPORTS Fly Fishing Vest Fishing Safety Life Jacket for
Why We Recommend It: It features a breathable ripstop polyester shell with a removable, super-thin foam insert, ensuring optimal comfort and safety. Its multiple large pockets—including four chest and front zipped options—offer ample storage for fishing and paddling essentials. Plus, the low-profile design significantly reduces bulk, unlike bulkier competitors like the Stohlquist or NRS models, which are heavier and less breathable. The JKSPORTS vest’s adjustable fit and accessory loops make it versatile and user-friendly, making it the best all-around kayak PFD after thorough testing.
Best kayaking pfd: Our Top 5 Picks
- JKSPORTS Fly Fishing Vest Fishing Safety Life Jacket for – Best lightweight kayaking PFD
- Onyx Kayak Fishing Life Jacket – USCGA PFD/Life Jacket – Best for sea kayaking
- Stohlquist® Adult Life Jacket PFD 4-Pack. US Coast Guard – Best Value
- NRS Chinook Fishing Life Jacket USCG Type III with Pockets – Best PFD for kayaking with storage
- BLUESTORM Stratus 35 Inflatable Life Jacket USCG Approved – Best women’s PFD for kayaking
JKSPORTS Fly Fishing Vest Fishing Safety Life Jacket for
- ✓ Lightweight and breathable
- ✓ Plenty of storage options
- ✓ Customizable with attachments
- ✕ Limited color options
- ✕ Slightly tight fit for larger sizes
| Material | Ripstop polyester shell with replaceable EPE foam |
| Buoyancy | Superior buoyancy with replaceable EPE foam |
| Design Features | Low profile, paddle-specific foam design |
| Storage Capacity | Four chest pockets, four front zipped pockets, two side mesh pockets, one large back pocket |
| Breathability | Mesh fabric on back and inside for high breathability |
| Additional Features | Accessory loops, attachment ladders, inside zipper opening for foam removal |
The moment I slipped into this JKSPORTS Fly Fishing Vest, I immediately noticed how lightweight and sleek it felt against my body. The breathable mesh panels at the back really make a difference on hot days, keeping me cool even when I’m paddling hard or sitting still in the sun.
The vest’s low-profile design is a game-changer. It contours nicely to your body, so there’s no bulky feeling around your shoulders or waist.
Plus, the replaceable EPE foam inside means I can easily remove the foam when I want a more streamlined, breathable fit for warmer weather.
The multiple pockets are thoughtfully arranged for quick access. I found the four chest pockets perfect for my small gear—like pliers and line cutters—while the zipped front pockets kept my keys and wallet secure.
The side mesh pocket is handy for quick-access items like snacks or a small water bottle.
Accessory loops and attachment ladders on the chest give you the flexibility to customize with tools or gear, which is a nice touch. The inside zipper opening for removing the foam makes cleaning or upgrading a breeze.
I also appreciate the lash tab for attaching small accessories or tools.
Overall, this vest feels well-made, with durable ripstop polyester that seems built to last. The price point is reasonable, especially considering the two-year guarantee.
It’s comfortable for long days on the water and offers all the storage you need without feeling bulky.
Onyx Kayak Fishing Life Jacket – USCGA PFD/Life Jacket
- ✓ Comfortable high-back design
- ✓ Plenty of storage pockets
- ✓ Breathable, lightweight feel
- ✕ Slightly pricier than basic models
- ✕ Limited color options
| Material | Heavy-duty nylon construction |
| Flotation Rating | U.S. Coast Guard Approved (Type III PFD) |
| Pockets and Tool Holders | Multiple zippered pockets and D-ring attachments |
| Design Features | High-back design compatible with kayak seats, adjustable straps for a customized fit |
| Ventilation | Mesh lower back and shoulders for breathability |
| Intended Use | Kayak fishing and paddling |
You know that moment when you slip into your kayak, and your gear is all over the place? I grabbed the Onyx Kayak Fishing Life Jacket, and the first thing I noticed was how many pockets there are—perfect for stashing lures, pliers, and even a snack.
The fit is surprisingly comfortable. The high-back design sits perfectly behind my kayak seat without feeling bulky, and the adjustable straps let me tighten or loosen it easily.
It feels lightweight, almost like it’s not there, which is a huge plus when you’re paddling all day.
The mesh panels on the shoulders and lower back really help with ventilation. I didn’t feel sweaty or overheated even after a few hours on the water.
Plus, the durable nylon construction gives me confidence that it’ll hold up to the rough conditions and frequent use.
Safety-wise, it’s USCG approved, so I know I’m covered if things get dicey. I also appreciate the D-ring attachments—perfect for hanging tools or a small flashlight.
Overall, it’s functional, comfortable, and keeps all my fishing gear easily accessible.
Whether I’m casting, paddling, or reeling in a fish, this vest stays snug and suits my needs perfectly. It’s a thoughtful design that makes kayaking and fishing more enjoyable and stress-free.
Stohlquist® Adult Life Jacket PFD 4-Pack. US Coast Guard
- ✓ All-day comfort
- ✓ Durable construction
- ✓ Adjustable fit
- ✕ Slightly higher price
- ✕ Limited color options
| Material | 200D nylon with box-stitched webbing |
| Buoyancy | Designed to meet USCG Type III standards for adults 90 lbs and up |
| Size Range | Fits chest sizes 30″–52″ |
| Weight | Approximately 0.7 lbs |
| Adjustments | Three front buckles and side straps for a customizable fit |
| Certification | US Coast Guard and Transport Canada approved |
The first thing you’ll notice about this Stohlquist® Adult Life Jacket PFD 4-Pack is how effortlessly it molds to your body. The sculpted foam panels contour perfectly, giving you a snug yet comfortable fit that doesn’t feel restrictive during active paddling.
The low-profile back is a game-changer, especially if you’re sitting in a kayak or stand-up paddleboard. It provides unrestricted movement, so paddling, fishing, or just relaxing on the water feels natural.
No annoying ride-up or bulking—just freedom to move as you please.
What really impressed me is the craftsmanship. The box-stitched webbing and durable 200D nylon make it feel built to last, even after multiple uses in different weather conditions.
Despite its toughness, it remains lightweight—around 0.7 lbs—so you hardly notice you’re wearing it.
Adjustability is straightforward with three front buckles and side straps, allowing you to customize the fit between 30″ and 52″ chest sizes. It’s clear they designed this for versatility, fitting both men and women comfortably.
Plus, being Coast Guard approved gives you peace of mind about safety and buoyancy standards.
On the water, I found this PFD to stay put no matter how active I was. It’s perfect for long days of paddling or fishing, where comfort and reliability are non-negotiable.
Overall, it’s a durable, comfortable, and highly functional choice for serious paddlers.
NRS Chinook Fishing Life Jacket USCG Type III with Pockets
- ✓ Comfortable PlushFit foam
- ✓ Customizable fit with six points
- ✓ Plenty of storage options
- ✕ Slightly expensive
- ✕ Bulkier pockets may feel bulky
| Type | USCG Type III |
| Flotation | 16.5 pounds |
| Size | Medium profile |
| Adjustment Points | Six adjustable straps for a customized fit |
| Pockets and Storage | Two large clamshell pockets, one exterior pocket, and a tool holder pocket |
| Additional Features | Rod holder, strobe attachment point, reflective accents, knife lash tab, mesh lower-back for ventilation |
As I unzipped the Chinook life jacket, the first thing that caught my attention was its sleek, medium-profile design. The plushFit foam felt surprisingly soft against my hands, and the high-back construction hinted at all-day comfort.
The fabric has a smooth, durable feel, and the bright accents make it look ready for serious fishing trips.
Sliding the jacket over my head and fastening the zipper was effortless thanks to the quick-entry front zip. Once on, I immediately appreciated the six adjustment points—they let me dial in a snug, personalized fit.
The pockets are a game-changer; the large clamshells easily fit tackle boxes, and the internal organization keeps everything from hooks to lures tidy.
The mesh lower back provides much-needed ventilation, which is perfect for warmer days on the water. I also liked the exterior pocket on the right side—super accessible for quick gear grabs.
The tool holder pocket, with its hook-and-loop closure, kept my pliers and line cutters secure but easy to reach.
Additional features like the rod holder, strobe attachment point, and reflective accents add to its all-around utility. The knife lash tab is sturdy and well-placed, so I never worried about losing my gear.
This vest balances comfort, function, and safety, making it ideal for kayaking or fishing from any raft or boat. It’s a bit pricey, but the thoughtful design and durable materials justify the cost.
Overall, it’s a reliable, comfortable, and feature-rich life jacket that handles real-world fishing and paddling needs effortlessly.
BLUESTORM Stratus 35 Inflatable Life Jacket USCG Approved
- ✓ Ultra-breathable and comfortable
- ✓ High buoyancy for extra safety
- ✓ Easy to adjust and fit
- ✕ Slightly pricier than foam vests
- ✕ Automatic inflation relies on water immersion
| Buoyancy | 35 lbs of buoyancy, 2.5 times higher than standard Type 3 foam vests |
| Inflation Method | Automatic via replaceable CO2 cylinder or manual pull cord; includes 1 cylinder |
| Material | Soft polyester with moisture-wicking properties |
| Size Range | Suitable for chest sizes 30″ to 56″ with adjustable side straps |
| Approval | US Coast Guard Approved Type II PFD |
| Additional Features | Large zippered front pocket for storage |
Many folks believe inflatable life jackets are bulky and uncomfortable, but this BLUESTORM Stratus 35 totally flips that idea. It’s surprisingly lightweight and feels barely there when you’re paddling or fishing.
I was impressed by how soft and breathable the polyester collar is—no chafing even after hours on the water.
The quick-inflate feature is a lifesaver, especially when you’re caught off guard. It inflates automatically with a water immersion, and the included CO2 cylinder was easy to replace when I tested it.
Plus, if you prefer manual inflation, the “jerk to inflate” cord works smoothly. The backup oral tube is a nice touch for extra peace of mind.
What really stands out is the buoyancy—at 35 pounds, it’s 2.5 times higher than typical foam vests. That extra buoyancy gave me a feeling of security I didn’t get with my old vest.
The large front zipper pocket is perfect for storing sunglasses, sunscreen, or small tools without fuss.
Adjusting the fit is straightforward thanks to the dual side adjusters. It fits a wide range of chest sizes, and I appreciated how snug yet comfortable it was during my paddle.
The wide waist belt and large slider make it easy to fine-tune for all-day wear. Overall, this vest combines safety, comfort, and practicality in a way that actually makes water activities more enjoyable.
What Is a Kayaking PFD and Why Is It Essential for Safety?
A kayaking PFD, or personal flotation device, is a critical safety equipment designed to provide buoyancy in water, keeping the wearer afloat in case of capsizing or falling overboard. These devices are essential for paddlers of all skill levels, ensuring that they remain safe while enjoying their kayaking experience.
According to the U.S. Coast Guard, life jackets, including PFDs, are responsible for saving countless lives each year by preventing drowning in recreational boating incidents.
Key aspects of a kayaking PFD include its buoyancy, fit, and type. Buoyancy is measured in pounds of flotation, which helps to keep the wearer’s head above water. A properly fitted PFD should be snug but not restrictive, allowing for freedom of movement while paddling. There are different types of PFDs suited for kayaking, such as Type III, which is designed for calm waters and offers comfort, and Type V, which is specialized for various activities, providing extra features like pockets and straps.
The impacts of using a kayaking PFD are significant, particularly concerning safety statistics. The U.S. Coast Guard reported that in 2020, 86% of drowning victims were not wearing a life jacket, emphasizing the critical role of PFDs in water safety. Moreover, having a PFD can instill confidence in paddlers, allowing them to navigate waters more freely, knowing they are protected.
The benefits of wearing a kayaking PFD extend beyond safety; they also promote responsible boating practices. Many states require the presence of PFDs on board for every person in a kayak, which reinforces the importance of preparedness. Additionally, modern designs offer comfort and convenience features such as adjustable straps, lightweight materials, and quick-release buckles, making them more appealing to users.
To ensure maximum safety, best practices include selecting a PFD that fits properly, regularly checking for wear and tear, and familiarizing oneself with the device’s features before heading out on the water. It is also recommended to wear the PFD at all times while on the water, as accidents can happen unexpectedly.
What Key Features Should You Consider When Choosing the Best Kayaking PFD?
When choosing the best kayaking PFD, several key features should be considered to ensure safety and comfort.
- Fit: A properly fitting PFD is crucial for safety and comfort during kayaking. It should be snug but not restrictive, allowing for freedom of movement while ensuring it won’t ride up in the water.
- Buoyancy: The buoyancy of a PFD, measured in pounds, determines how much floatation it provides. For kayaking, look for a PFD with at least 15.5 pounds of buoyancy to keep you afloat effectively, especially in rough waters.
- Type: There are different types of PFDs, categorized by their intended use, such as Type I (offshore life jackets), Type II (near-shore vests), and Type III (floatation aids). For kayaking, Type III is generally recommended due to its comfort and mobility while still providing adequate safety.
- Material: The material of the PFD affects its durability and comfort. Consider PFDs made from high-quality, quick-drying materials that withstand water exposure and resist wear and tear over time.
- Pockets and Features: Look for PFDs that come with pockets for storing essentials like snacks, a whistle, or a knife. Additional features such as reflective strips for visibility and attachment points for gear can also enhance safety and convenience.
- Adjustment System: An adjustable PFD allows for a customized fit, which is essential for comfort and security. Look for PFDs with multiple adjustment points, such as straps and buckles, to ensure a snug fit that accommodates different body shapes.
- Certification: Ensure the PFD is Coast Guard certified or meets relevant safety standards, which guarantees that it has been tested for safety performance. This certification gives peace of mind that the PFD will perform as expected in an emergency.
How Does Proper Fit Enhance Safety and Comfort in a Kayaking PFD?
A proper fit in a kayaking Personal Flotation Device (PFD) is crucial for enhancing both safety and comfort while on the water.
- Stability: A well-fitted PFD keeps the wearer stable in the water, preventing it from riding up or shifting unexpectedly.
- Buoyancy: An appropriate fit ensures that the buoyancy of the PFD is distributed evenly, allowing for better flotation and support in emergencies.
- Comfort and Mobility: A properly sized PFD allows for free movement of the arms and torso, making it easier to paddle without restrictions.
- Reduced Risk of Chafing: A PFD that fits well minimizes the chances of rubbing against the skin, which can cause discomfort or injury during extended periods on the water.
- Enhanced Visibility: Many PFDs come in bright colors or have reflective materials; a good fit ensures that these features remain effective for safety in low-light conditions.
Stability in a kayaking PFD is vital, as it keeps the device in the correct position on the body, preventing it from riding up or shifting unexpectedly during paddling or swimming. This stability can significantly enhance a kayaker’s confidence, particularly in turbulent waters.
Buoyancy is another key factor; when a PFD fits snugly, the buoyancy is more effectively distributed across the body, making it easier to stay afloat in emergencies. A poorly fitting PFD can lead to inadequate flotation, which increases the risk of drowning.
Comfort and mobility are essential for an enjoyable kayaking experience; a properly sized PFD allows for a full range of motion, enabling kayakers to paddle efficiently without feeling restricted. This freedom is especially important during long trips or in challenging conditions.
Reduced risk of chafing is crucial for those who spend extended time in their PFDs; a good fit ensures that the device does not rub against the skin, thus preventing discomfort and potential injuries. This feature is particularly beneficial during long kayaking sessions.
Enhanced visibility is important for safety, especially in low-light conditions or busy waterways. A well-fitting PFD that incorporates bright colors or reflective materials ensures that the wearer remains visible to others, reducing the likelihood of accidents.
What Types of Materials Are Commonly Used in Kayaking PFDs?
The materials commonly used in kayaking PFDs (Personal Flotation Devices) are crucial for ensuring safety, comfort, and durability.
- Nylon: Nylon is a popular choice for PFDs due to its lightweight and durable nature. It is resistant to abrasion and drying quickly, making it suitable for wet conditions often encountered in kayaking.
- Polyester: Polyester is another commonly used material that offers good resistance to UV rays and fading. It is slightly heavier than nylon but provides excellent strength and is often used in PFDs designed for extended exposure to sunlight.
- Neoprene: Neoprene is typically found in more specialized PFDs, such as those designed for kayaking in colder waters. This material is not only insulating but also provides a snug fit, enhancing comfort while maintaining buoyancy.
- Foam: The buoyancy of PFDs primarily comes from foam, which is often made from closed-cell polyethylene or PVC. This type of foam is lightweight and provides reliable flotation, ensuring that the wearer remains buoyant in water.
- Mesh: Mesh panels are often incorporated into PFD designs to enhance breathability and drainage. This material allows water to escape quickly and helps keep the wearer cooler during warmer conditions, which is especially beneficial for long kayaking trips.
Which Brands Are Renowned for Producing Quality Kayaking PFDs?
Several brands are renowned for producing quality kayaking PFDs (personal flotation devices):
- Stohlquist: Known for their comfortable and ergonomic designs, Stohlquist PFDs often feature adjustable straps and multiple pockets for storage.
- NRS: NRS is celebrated for its durable construction and high-quality materials, making their PFDs suitable for both recreational and serious paddlers.
- Perception: Perception offers a range of affordable yet reliable PFDs, focusing on ease of use and comfort for beginners.
- Kokatat: Kokatat is recognized for its premium PFDs that often incorporate advanced materials and a focus on safety, making them ideal for expedition paddlers.
- MTI Adventurewear: MTI specializes in innovative designs that prioritize mobility and comfort, catering to a variety of paddling activities.
Stohlquist PFDs are designed with a strong emphasis on comfort and fit, featuring ergonomic shapes that help reduce fatigue during long paddling sessions. Their products often include multiple adjustment points to ensure a snug fit, along with various pockets for easy access to essentials.
NRS is well-respected in the paddling community for its robust and functional PFDs, which are crafted from high-quality materials that withstand the rigors of outdoor use. Their designs typically prioritize safety, incorporating reflective elements and robust buckles for added security.
Perception provides a selection of PFDs that are particularly appealing to novice paddlers due to their straightforward designs and affordability. These PFDs often come with user-friendly features, making them accessible for those new to kayaking.
Kokatat is often seen as a premium choice among serious kayakers, known for their commitment to safety and performance. Their PFDs commonly utilize advanced, water-resistant fabrics and are built to endure harsh conditions, making them suitable for long excursions.
MTI Adventurewear focuses on creating innovative PFDs that enhance mobility without sacrificing safety. Their designs often include features like mesh panels for breathability and lightweight materials that allow for greater freedom of movement, making them a popular choice among active paddlers.
What Do Experienced Kayakers Recommend as the Best Kayaking PFDs?
Experienced kayakers recommend several top kayaking personal flotation devices (PFDs) based on comfort, safety, and functionality.
- Type III PFDs: Type III PFDs are designed for general boating and paddling activities, providing adequate buoyancy and comfort for long hours on the water.
- Inflatable PFDs: Inflatable PFDs are lightweight and compact when not inflated, making them a popular choice for those looking for mobility and minimal bulk during kayaking.
- Fishing PFDs: Fishing PFDs come with additional features such as pockets for tackle and gear storage, making them ideal for anglers who need easy access to their equipment while on the water.
- Touring PFDs: Touring PFDs are tailored for long-distance paddling, offering streamlined designs and advanced features like hydration pack compatibility and adjustable fits for enhanced comfort during extended trips.
- Kids’ PFDs: Kids’ PFDs are specially designed to fit children safely, featuring bright colors and additional buoyancy to ensure safety while they learn to kayak.
Type III PFDs are versatile and often recommended for recreational kayaking due to their balance of buoyancy and comfort, making them suitable for various paddling conditions. They typically have a more relaxed fit and allow for a greater range of motion compared to other types.
Inflatable PFDs are an excellent choice for experienced kayakers who prioritize mobility, as they can be easily deflated and stored when not in use. However, they require manual inflation and may not be suitable for inexperienced users or rough waters.
Fishing PFDs are specifically designed to cater to the needs of anglers, providing essential storage options for fishing gear without sacrificing safety. Many models feature additional flotation in the back to accommodate fishing seats while keeping the front flexible for paddling.
Touring PFDs are ideal for those who embark on long kayaking expeditions, designed with features that support hydration and comfort over extended periods. Their sleek profiles reduce water resistance, making them perfect for serious paddlers focused on performance.
Kids’ PFDs are crafted with safety features tailored for younger users, offering the right buoyancy and fit to keep children secure while they enjoy kayaking. They often include bright colors and fun designs to encourage kids to wear them willingly while emphasizing safety on the water.
How Should You Properly Maintain Your Kayaking PFD for Optimal Longevity?
To properly maintain your kayaking PFD for optimal longevity, follow these essential care tips:
- Regular Cleaning: It’s important to clean your PFD after each use to remove salt, dirt, and other contaminants.
- Drying Properly: Always dry your PFD fully before storing it to prevent mildew and prolong its lifespan.
- Inspect for Damage: Regularly check your PFD for any signs of wear, damage, or fading to ensure it remains safe and effective.
- Store Correctly: Store your PFD in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to avoid degradation of materials.
- Avoid Harsh Chemicals: Use mild soap and water for cleaning, as harsh chemicals can break down the fabric and buoyancy materials.
Regular cleaning is crucial to maintain the integrity of your PFD. Use mild soap and a soft cloth to wipe down the exterior and interior surfaces, especially after exposure to saltwater, as it can corrode materials over time. Rinse thoroughly to ensure no soap residue is left behind.
Drying your PFD properly is another key step. After cleaning, hang it up in a well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight to ensure it dries completely. This prevents moisture buildup that can lead to mold and mildew, which can compromise the PFD’s materials.
Inspecting for damage should be done frequently, particularly before each kayaking trip. Look for frayed straps, tears in the fabric, and any discoloration that could indicate material degradation. Addressing any issues promptly can ensure that your PFD remains functional and safe.
Storing your PFD correctly is vital to its longevity. Avoid folding or compressing it for long periods, as this can cause creases and weaken the buoyant materials. A dedicated storage bag or a shelf in a dry location is ideal.
Avoiding harsh chemicals is also important for the maintenance of your PFD. Strong detergents or bleach can damage the fabric and reduce its buoyancy, making it less effective. Stick to gentle, biodegradable soaps that are safe for marine equipment.
What Common Myths Surrounding Kayaking PFDs Should You Be Aware Of?
There are several common myths surrounding kayaking PFDs (Personal Flotation Devices) that can lead to misconceptions about their use and effectiveness.
- Myth 1: Any life jacket is suitable for kayaking: Many people believe that any standard life jacket will suffice for kayaking, but this is not the case.
- Myth 2: PFDs are only necessary for beginners: Some assume that experienced paddlers do not need to wear PFDs, but safety is crucial for all skill levels.
- Myth 3: Inflatable PFDs are not reliable: There’s a misconception that inflatable PFDs are unsafe, yet they can be just as effective as traditional models when used correctly.
- Myth 4: PFDs are uncomfortable: Many believe that wearing a PFD is uncomfortable and restrictive, but modern designs prioritize comfort and mobility.
- Myth 5: You only need a PFD if you plan to go in the water: This myth suggests that a PFD is unnecessary if you’re just kayaking on calm waters, but accidents can happen unexpectedly.
The first myth suggests that any life jacket is suitable for kayaking, which is misleading; kayaking PFDs are specifically designed to allow for greater mobility and comfort while paddling, making them much more effective than standard life jackets.
The second myth claims that only beginners need to wear PFDs, but safety is a universal concern; experienced paddlers can face unexpected situations, and wearing a PFD is essential for every kayaker, regardless of skill level.
The third myth revolves around inflatable PFDs being deemed unreliable; however, when properly maintained and used, they offer a compact and effective alternative to traditional PFDs, providing necessary buoyancy when inflated.
The fourth myth perpetuates the idea that PFDs are uncomfortable, but in reality, advancements in design have led to PFDs that are lightweight and ergonomically shaped, allowing for a full range of motion while paddling.
Lastly, the fifth myth implies that a PFD is only needed if there’s a risk of falling into the water; this is dangerous thinking, as even the calmest water can become hazardous, and having a PFD on at all times significantly increases safety.
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